Fluid resuscitation in critical care.

Fluid deficits can arise as a result of a range of conditions, including haemorrhage, dehydration, vomiting and diarrhoea. Excessive fluid loss can have serious consequences for the patient and, if untreated, can lead to irreversible shock. The most common fluids used in fluid resuscitation are colloids and crystalloids, with research suggesting greater overall benefits for the use of the latter. Although it is vital to initiate fluid resuscitation early on after the patient has suffered trauma, there is some controversy as to the timing of this procedure--that is, whether it should be instigated prior to reaching hospital or on arrival. It is vital for nurses to understand the potential side-effects associated with fluid resuscitation and to maintain regular patient observations.