Hepatitis C infection and psychiatric burden in two imprisoned cohorts: Young offenders and opioid-maintained prisoners.

Prisoners constitute a considerable gap in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) tested population. The present study examined HCV prevalence in imprisoned opioid-maintained patients (OMT-P) and adolescents and young adults (AYA, 14-26 years). In addition, HCV testing and treatment provision, knowledge of HCV status and psychiatric comorbidity were assessed. Data collection took place in six Austrian prisons. Participants were N = 133 for OMT-P (78% male, mean age 35.7 years) and N = 71 for AYA (100% male, mean age 19.8 years). Analysis of HCV serology was conducted. Psychiatric comorbidity and addiction severity were assessed applying standardized questionnaires and interviews. Antibodies were detected in 74.4% of OMT-P, and in 45.0% HCV infection was confirmed. Only one AYA was infected with HCV. None of the participants was receiving treatment for HCV. Eleven percent of OMT-P (50.7% of AYA) did not know their HCV status, and 14.3% of OMT-P (36.6% of AYA) had not been tested in prison. Among OMT-P, lifetime IDU [OR = 330.33, CI = 25.91-4433.20] and age at first IDU [OR = 0.90, CI = 0.82-0.98] significantly predicted HCV status. In both samples, a high prevalence of affective disorders was observed. Despite the high prevalence of HCV among opioid-dependent detainees, the unique opportunities for comprehensive testing and treatment of HCV are substantially underutilized. This is in stark contrast to the UN Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.