The role of genetics in neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) after in-utero exposure to opioids remains a significant public health concern. NAS is a highly variable condition in which presentation and severity cannot be explained by clinical factors alone. Research in human subjects has identified both genetic and epigenetic associations with prenatal opioid exposure and NAS severity, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA methylation differences, and gene expression modifications. Animal studies have also identified key gene pathways that are likely important contributors to NAS phenotype. The clinical significance of identified genetic associations with NAS are unclear and warrant further study to see how they could impact NAS management.