Communicating with the grieving family.

The physician, skilled in facilitating communication, can help the family of a terminally ill patient cope with stress. Lowering stress levels can reduce the risk of permanent psychological and physical damage to surviving members. This article illustrates appropriate interview techniques in five common stress areas: (1) social unacceptability of presenting symptoms and of death itself; (2) helplessness, anger, and guilt; (3) sexual feelings and expectations; (4) specific preparation for death; and (5) bereavement and grief after death. The physician's investment of modest amounts of time in direct care and in building ancillary resources can result in a significant service to grieving families.