Effects of the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Utilization of Emergency Medical Services in Maryland.

BACKGROUND

The opioid epidemic in the United States has devastated the lives of individuals and imposed decades-long opportunity costs on the community.

METHODS

We analyzed Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data from the Maryland Department of Health installation of the Electronic Surveillance System for Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on EMS call volume and how COVID-19 impacted patients' decisions whether to accept transport to a hospital following an EMS call.

RESULTS

The rate of patients accepting transportation via EMS to a hospital emergency department (ED) declined for both opioid-related and non-opioid-related calls from prepandemic (before April 2020) to mid-pandemic (mid-March 2020 to mid-April 2020). The opioid-related call volume increased more from pre- to mid-pandemic for male patients than for female patients, and this "gender gap" had not returned to prepandemic levels by April 2021.

CONCLUSION

Consistent with reports from other states, the pandemic worsened the opioid crisis in Maryland, impacting some populations more than others while also decreasing the likelihood that individuals experiencing an opioid-related overdose would seek further medical care following an EMS call.