Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Adolescents: Risk, Prevention, Screening, and Treatment.

Adolescents and young adults are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Several risk factors that strongly contribute to HIV infection risk are described, including physical, cognitive, social, and economic factors. Strategies for screening and prevention of HIV infection, including universal screening, behavioral counseling, and preexposure prophylaxis, are reviewed, and the initial treatment approach to a diagnosis of HIV in adolescents is outlined.