The Effect of Smokıng on Serum Immunoglobulın Levels in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectıonal Study.

BACKGROUND

The numerous toxic substances present in cigarettes have a suppressive effect on the immune system, lowering antibody levels and making smokers more susceptible to diseases.

AIM: To determine the effect of smoking on serum IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE levels in those who smoke in Türkiye.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted over a 3-month period in individuals who visited the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic. Those who smoked cigarettes were included as the case group, and non-smokers as the control group. The nicotine dependence levels of the smokers were recorded using the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FNBT). IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE levels were measured in both groups. Comparisons were made between the two groups, and a significant P value was taken as <0.05.

RESULTS

The study was completed with a total of 300 participants, with an average age of 34.28 ± 11.10 years (range: 18-65), and 69.7% (n = 209) were male. Of the participants, 51.0% (n = 153) were smokers, with a higher frequency of smoking among males (P < 0.001). IgG levels were found to be higher in non-smokers (P = 0.002). No significant differences were found in IgM, IgA, and IgE levels between smokers and non-smokers (P = 0.080). There was no significant correlation between nicotine dependence levels and Ig levels.

CONCLUSION

While IgG levels were lower in smokers, IgA, IgM, and IgE levels were similar to those in non-smokers. This decrease in antibody levels may adversely affect the immune system, increasing susceptibility to diseases. The negative impact of smoking on the immune system should not be overlooked, especially in preventive medicine practices.