Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Cytisine against Nicotine Replacement Treatment.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Erinc Aysegul, Kirac Ali, Gul Sule, Kahriman Banu, Bagci Belma Akbaba, Satici Celal
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Cytisine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has gained attention as a cost-effective pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. This study aimed to compare the real-world effectiveness and safety of cytisine versus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among individuals enrolled in a smoking cessation program.
METHODS: This non-randomized observational study included 476 patients who received pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation between January 2024 and January 2025 at a tertiary smoking cessation clinic. Patients were grouped according to treatment modality: cytisine or NRT. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence at 6 months, based on self-reported smoking status without biochemical verification. Secondary outcomes included tolerability and factors associated with cessation success.
RESULTS: Of the 229 patients treated with cytisine, 124 (54.1%) achieved 6-month abstinence, compared to 77 of 247 patients (31.2%) in the NRT group (p<.001). Female sex and the presence of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with higher cessation success. Both treatments were generally well tolerated; no serious adverse events were reported. Cytisine users most commonly reported mild gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep disturbances.
CONCLUSIONS: Cytisine was significantly more effective than NRT in achieving 6-month continuous abstinence in a real-world setting, with a comparable safety profile. Certain subgroups, such as women and patients with diabetes, may benefit more from pharmacologic cessation support.
IMPLICATIONS: This study provides supportive evidence for the routine clinical use of cytisine as a first-line smoking cessation treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its affordability, tolerability, and short treatment duration offer distinct advantages for public health implementation.
METHODS: This non-randomized observational study included 476 patients who received pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation between January 2024 and January 2025 at a tertiary smoking cessation clinic. Patients were grouped according to treatment modality: cytisine or NRT. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence at 6 months, based on self-reported smoking status without biochemical verification. Secondary outcomes included tolerability and factors associated with cessation success.
RESULTS: Of the 229 patients treated with cytisine, 124 (54.1%) achieved 6-month abstinence, compared to 77 of 247 patients (31.2%) in the NRT group (p<.001). Female sex and the presence of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with higher cessation success. Both treatments were generally well tolerated; no serious adverse events were reported. Cytisine users most commonly reported mild gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep disturbances.
CONCLUSIONS: Cytisine was significantly more effective than NRT in achieving 6-month continuous abstinence in a real-world setting, with a comparable safety profile. Certain subgroups, such as women and patients with diabetes, may benefit more from pharmacologic cessation support.
IMPLICATIONS: This study provides supportive evidence for the routine clinical use of cytisine as a first-line smoking cessation treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its affordability, tolerability, and short treatment duration offer distinct advantages for public health implementation.