Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
Trends in Cigarette Discontinuation Rates in the United States Across 2014/15-2021 Among Adults Who Use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Trends by ENDS Flavor, ENDS Device Type, and Age Group From the PATH Study.
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Kasza Karin A, Tang Zhiqun, Benson Adam F, Creamer MeLisa R, Edwards Kathryn C, Sharma Eva, Chang Joanne T, Cheng Yu-Ching, Clement Julie, Cunningham Colin, Ellison Christopher D, Ergun Mehmet A, Greenberg Marisa, Oniyide Olusola, Tashakkori Nicole A, Xiao Haijun, Stanton Cassandra, Kimmel Heather L, Compton Wilson, Hyland Andrew
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who smoked cigarettes in the United States (US) diverged across 2013/14-2021 between those who did and did not use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We evaluate whether trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS differed by ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, and age group.
METHODS: Adults aged ≥18 who smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (P30D) and used ENDS in the P30D were evaluated from biennial pairs of interviews using nationally representative longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data (2014/15-2021, Waves 2-6, n = 3054). Weighted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were used to evaluate and test for differences in trends in cigarette discontinuation rates (no P30D smoking at follow-up) stratified by ENDS flavor (tobacco flavor only, menthol/mint flavor only, fruit/sweet/other flavor only, any combination flavor), ENDS device type (disposable, cartridge, tank), and age group (18-24, ≥25). Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking variables, other tobacco use, and other ENDS use variables.
RESULTS: Cigarette discontinuation rates increased for those who used menthol/mint flavor ENDS (trend adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.18, 95% CI:1.21 to 8.32), fruit/sweet/other flavor ENDS (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.16), any combination flavor ENDS (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.49 to 5.62), disposables (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.25 to 9.16), cartridge devices (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.49 to 3.63), tanks (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.94), those aged 18-24 (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.22 to 4.88), and those aged ≥25 (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.48).
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS were not specific to any ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, or age group examined here.
IMPLICATIONS: Further research may identify factor(s) not examined in this study, such as the availability of nicotine salt-based ENDS products, account for the increasing trend in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who use ENDS in the United States, which can further inform tobacco regulation.
METHODS: Adults aged ≥18 who smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (P30D) and used ENDS in the P30D were evaluated from biennial pairs of interviews using nationally representative longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data (2014/15-2021, Waves 2-6, n = 3054). Weighted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were used to evaluate and test for differences in trends in cigarette discontinuation rates (no P30D smoking at follow-up) stratified by ENDS flavor (tobacco flavor only, menthol/mint flavor only, fruit/sweet/other flavor only, any combination flavor), ENDS device type (disposable, cartridge, tank), and age group (18-24, ≥25). Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking variables, other tobacco use, and other ENDS use variables.
RESULTS: Cigarette discontinuation rates increased for those who used menthol/mint flavor ENDS (trend adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.18, 95% CI:1.21 to 8.32), fruit/sweet/other flavor ENDS (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.16), any combination flavor ENDS (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.49 to 5.62), disposables (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.25 to 9.16), cartridge devices (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.49 to 3.63), tanks (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.94), those aged 18-24 (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.22 to 4.88), and those aged ≥25 (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.48).
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS were not specific to any ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, or age group examined here.
IMPLICATIONS: Further research may identify factor(s) not examined in this study, such as the availability of nicotine salt-based ENDS products, account for the increasing trend in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who use ENDS in the United States, which can further inform tobacco regulation.