Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
Who Reports Greater Chronic Disease Risk Behaviours? A Closer Look at Sociodemographic Differences Among Australian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
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Egan Lyra, Siobhan O'Dean, Gardner Lauren A, Newton Nicola C, Champion Katrina E
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Recent Australian adolescent data on the prevalence of chronic disease risk behaviours among diverse sociodemographic groups is lacking. This study examined the prevalence of dietary intake (sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); discretionary foods; fruit; vegetables), and alcohol (standard drink; binge drinking), tobacco, and e-cigarette use, across adolescents of diverse socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical locations.
METHODS: Cross-sectional data were analysed from 4445 adolescents across 71 schools in 2022 as part of the 36-month follow-up survey from the school-based cluster randomised controlled trial, Health4Life (Mage = 15.7 years, SD = 0.6; 47.0% female-identifying). Fourteen percent (n = 571) were categorised as low SES and 86% (n = 3518) as mid-to-high SES, relative to the study sample, with 9% (n = 399) from regional areas. Binary logistic regressions compared differences for each outcome across SES and geographical locations, controlling for gender, psychological distress, intervention status, and school clustering.
RESULTS: Low SES adolescents had a lower prevalence of excessive discretionary food intake (PR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99), standard drink consumption (PR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.65-0.93) and binge drinking (PR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.50-0.92) compared to mid-to-high SES adolescents. Regional adolescents had a higher prevalence of standard drink consumption (PR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.00-1.97), binge drinking (PR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.07-2.93), and tobacco smoking (PR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.18-3.60) compared to adolescents in major cities. Excessive discretionary food intake was less prevalent among adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds (PR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94) compared to more advantaged adolescents.
CONCLUSION: Chronic disease risk behaviours among adolescents differ across SES and geographical locations, with regional adolescents fairing considerably worse across alcohol and tobacco use outcomes. Prevention for diet-related behaviours should be improved for more advantaged adolescents, while tailored interventions to SES and geographical location separately may be required for alcohol-, tobacco-, and e-cigarette use. SO WHAT?: Public health policy and interventions targeting chronic disease risk behaviours must prioritise the needs of low SES and regional adolescents to reduce health inequities.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Health4Life trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123).
METHODS: Cross-sectional data were analysed from 4445 adolescents across 71 schools in 2022 as part of the 36-month follow-up survey from the school-based cluster randomised controlled trial, Health4Life (Mage = 15.7 years, SD = 0.6; 47.0% female-identifying). Fourteen percent (n = 571) were categorised as low SES and 86% (n = 3518) as mid-to-high SES, relative to the study sample, with 9% (n = 399) from regional areas. Binary logistic regressions compared differences for each outcome across SES and geographical locations, controlling for gender, psychological distress, intervention status, and school clustering.
RESULTS: Low SES adolescents had a lower prevalence of excessive discretionary food intake (PR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99), standard drink consumption (PR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.65-0.93) and binge drinking (PR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.50-0.92) compared to mid-to-high SES adolescents. Regional adolescents had a higher prevalence of standard drink consumption (PR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.00-1.97), binge drinking (PR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.07-2.93), and tobacco smoking (PR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.18-3.60) compared to adolescents in major cities. Excessive discretionary food intake was less prevalent among adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds (PR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94) compared to more advantaged adolescents.
CONCLUSION: Chronic disease risk behaviours among adolescents differ across SES and geographical locations, with regional adolescents fairing considerably worse across alcohol and tobacco use outcomes. Prevention for diet-related behaviours should be improved for more advantaged adolescents, while tailored interventions to SES and geographical location separately may be required for alcohol-, tobacco-, and e-cigarette use. SO WHAT?: Public health policy and interventions targeting chronic disease risk behaviours must prioritise the needs of low SES and regional adolescents to reduce health inequities.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Health4Life trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123).