Preparation of a multiepitope vaccine candidate for camel bocavirus and evaluation of its immunogenicity in a mouse model.

IntroductionDromedary camel bocavirus (DBoV) poses a threat to camel health, yet no vaccine is available.MethodsUsing immunoinformatics, B-cell, CTL, and HTL epitopes from VP1/VP2 were predicted. Four multi-epitope constructs (DBoV-A1 to A4) were designed with different adjuvants and evaluated in silico; DBoV-A2 and A4 were expressed, purified, and tested in BALB/c mice.ResultsDBoV-A2 and A4 showed strong in silico binding to TLR9 and stable molecular dynamics. In mice, both induced significant IgG, IgM, IgA responses, Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion, and CD4⁺ T cell expansion without organ toxicity.DiscussionThe consistency between computational predictions and in vivo immunogenicity supports these constructs as promising DBoV vaccine candidates.