Effect of virtual reality training on dual-task performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundAge-related decline in dual-task (DT) performance is closely associated with falls in older adults, posing a significant public health concern. Virtual reality (VR) training has emerged as a novel intervention to enhance motor-cognitive integration, yet its effects on dual-task performance require systematic evaluation.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of VR training on dual-task performance in older adults.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating VR training in adults aged ≥ 60 years. Inclusion criteria required comparisons between VR training and non-VR control groups, with outcome measures including dual-task cost (DTC), dual-task timed up-and-go (DT-TUG), DT gait parameters (speed, stride length, cadence), and DT cognitive performance. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and meta-analysis were conducted using RevMan 5.4.ResultsTwenty-one RCTs (935 participants) were included. Meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in VR groups for DTC of gait speed [SMD = -0.32, 95% CI (-0.57, -0.07), P = 0.01], stride length [SMD = -0.58, 95% CI: (-0.90 to -0.26), P ConclusionVR training effectively reduces DT performance decline in older adults, particularly by lowering DTC and enhancing functional mobility, supporting its potential as a fall prevention strategy.