Hormonal Therapy Patterns in Older Men with Prostate Cancer in the United States, 2010-2019.

ImportanceUnderstanding trends in the use of hormonal therapy (HT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial to optimize treatment strategies, particularly for older men with locally advanced and metastatic disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in the patterns of adjuvant and primary HT use over time in older U.S. men diagnosed with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study utilized SEER-Medicare data, which covers approximately 48% of the U.S. population and links cancer registry data with Medicare claims, including 149,515 men aged ≥66 years diagnosed with PCa between 2010 and 2019. We analyzed trends in the use of adjuvant HT for higher-risk and primary HT for lower-risk PCa. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for clinical and demographic factors.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of men receiving any form of HT within 6 months of PCa diagnosis. HT included injectable Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists, orchiectomy, and anti-androgens agents.ResultsThe rate of adjuvant HT in higher-risk PCa patients increased significantly from 53.6% in 2010 to 68.1% in 2019 (p Conclusions and relevanceThe increasing use of adjuvant HT in higher-risk PCa patients aligns with evolving treatment guidelines, while the stable rate of primary HT in lower-risk patients represents persistent inappropriate use and highlights the need for further efforts to optimize treatment choices. While previous studies focused on men with intermediate-risk PCa receiving radiation therapy, our study broadens the scope to include men who did not undergo radiation therapy, providing a more inclusive view of HT trends. Future research should focus on refining strategies to reduce inappropriate primary HT use and improve adjuvant HT administration.