An Acute Fixation Protocol for High-Energy Tibial Plateau Fractures Decreases Time to Fixation and Lowers Operative Costs Without Affecting Wound Complications and Reoperations.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate whether an acute fixation protocol for high-energy tibial plateau fractures increases the rate of wound complications.

DESIGN

Retrospective comparative study.

SETTING

Urban level 1 trauma center.

PATIENTS/

PARTICIPANTS

One hundred thirty-four patients with high-energy tibial plateau fractures (OTA/AO 41B/C [Schatzker VI/V/VI]) treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

INTERVENTION: Utilization of an acute ORIF (<48 hours) versus delayed ORIF protocol.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Primary outcomes: wound complications (wound dehiscence/necrosis, superficial/deep infections) and reoperations. Secondary outcomes: total operative costs and hospital length of stay.

RESULTS

Overall, 83.9% (26/31) of patients received definitive fixation within 48 hours under the acute ORIF protocol versus 18.4% (19/103) of patients treated under the standard delayed protocol with no observed differences in the rate of wound complications (proportional difference (PD) -4.6%, confidence interval (CI) -17.2% to 11.3%; P = 0.78) or reoperations (PD 2.0%, CI, 13.0% to 12.5%; P = 1.00). The acute ORIF protocol lowered operative costs (median difference (MD) $-2.563.00, CI, 3021.00 to -1661.00; P < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (MD 4.0 days, CI, 6.0-1.0; P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, wound complications were associated with increasing age (odds ratio (OR) 1.05, CI, 1.01-1.10; P = 0.01) and tobacco use (OR 3.75, CI, 1.19-11.82; P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION

An acute ORIF protocol for high-energy tibial plateau fractures decreased time to fixation and lowered operative costs without increasing the risk of wound complications or reoperations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.