Prevalence of common mental disorder and associated factors among pregnant women attending Abebebch Gobena Mother and Child Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

Common mental disorders (CMDs) are nonpsychotic mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, adjustment, and somatoform disorders, that impair daily functioning. Pregnancy and the transition to motherhood involve significant physical and psychological changes, which may increase vulnerability to CMDs. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CMDs and associated factors among pregnant women attending Abebech Gobena Hospital.

METHODS

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1-30, 2022 at Abebech Gobena Hospital. A total of 421 pregnant women were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using face-to-face interviews. The data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable logistic regression was performed, and variables with a p-value ≤0.25 were included in multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05.

RESULTS

The result of this study showed the prevalence of CMDs was 20.5% (n = 85). Women with unplanned pregnancies were 2.9 times more likely to develop CMDs (AOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.3-6.7). Pregnant women with a history of chronic medical illness had higher odds of CMDs (AOR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.08-7.1). Lifetime alcohol use was strongly associated with CMDs (AOR=5.3; 95% CI: 3.1-7.1). Lack of husband support also increased the risk of CMDs (AOR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.96-4.04).

CONCLUSION

CMDs were highly prevalent among pregnant women. Unplanned pregnancy, chronic illness, alcohol use, and lack of husband support were significant factors. Strengthened psychosocial support during ANC follow-up is essential.