Effect of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Multimorbidity on Functional Disability in Older Adults in Ireland: Evidence From the 2019 Irish Health Survey.

BACKGROUND

Understanding how multimorbidity affects activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability in older Irish adults is essential for planning responsive health and social care systems that can support quality of daily life. This study examines how chronic noncommunicable diseases multimorbidity affects older adults' ability to live independently in Ireland. It focuses on the relationship between multimorbidity and limitations in ADL and IADL.

METHODS

A cross-sectional 2019 Irish Health Survey data set was used. The study analyzed data from 2114 individuals aged 65 years and older in Ireland. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effect of multimorbidity on functional disability.

RESULTS

Difficulties in ADL and IADL were significantly higher among older adults with multimorbidity (25% and 62%) compared with single morbidity (10% and 38%; p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression results also revealed that multimorbidity significantly increased the odds of ADL (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.55) and IADL (AOR = 2.60; 95% CI: 2.02, 3.35) limitations. Depression and older age were strong predictors of disability, while moderate alcohol use was linked to lower ADL impairment. Gender and regional disparities were also observed.

CONCLUSIONS

IADL impairments were more common, suggesting early signs of functional decline. Multimorbidity threatens older adults' independence in Ireland. Early detection of IADL limitations and integrated, person-centered care are essential. These findings support policy efforts like Sláintecare to promote aging in place.