Variability in drinking quantities related to impaired control and pharmacological criteria for lifetime alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUND

Greater variability in the amounts of alcohol consumed across drinking occasions is related to heavier drinking and greater numbers of alcohol related problems. While it is known that greater variability is associated with measures of drinking patterns (quantities, frequencies and volumes), drinkers who report more symptoms of impaired control and pharmacological criteria related to lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) may also exhibit greater variability and drinking risks.

METHODS

A web-based survey of 2044 "regular" drinkers reporting use at least twice a month over the previous year assessed sociodemographic, cognitive social characteristics, drinking patterns, and symptoms of lifetime AUD. The mean, variance and coefficient of variation, cv, of the distribution of drinking quantities were calculated for drinkers who consumed on 10 or more occasions. Estimated values of cv were related to model covariates and, specifically, symptoms of impaired control (e.g., inability to stop drinking) and pharmacological criteria (i.e., tolerance, withdrawal and craving) related to lifetime AUD using zero censored Tobit regression models.

RESULTS

The average cv for these drinkers was 0.482 and cv was related to average drinking quantities (Wald X2 = 33.98, df = 6, p < 0.001), frequencies and volumes (Wald X2 = 6.16, df = 3, p < 0.001), social drinking motives (Wald X2 = 3.75, df = 3, p = 0.011), numbers of pharmacological criteria related to lifetime AUD (Wald X2 = 4.89, df = 1, p = 0.0272) but not reports of impaired control (Wald Χ2 = 0.26, p = 0.6135).

CONCLUSIONS

Pharmacological symptom criteria related to lifetime AUD are related to greater cv and expose regular drinkers to much greater risks for heavier drinking and problems.