Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025
Mapping affective pathways to compulsion: Insights from an aversive devaluation approach.
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Sallie Samantha N, Casero Violeta, Sonkusare Saurabh, Voon Valerie
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dysregulation in instrumental control systems is implicated in compulsivity, a transdiagnostic construct proposed to underlie diverse maladaptive behaviors. While habit formation in reward-based learning is well-characterized, its role in avoidance learning remains less understood. Habitual avoidance may contribute to compulsive symptoms by impairing emotion regulation, a well-established correlate of compulsivity. To define these mechanisms, this study examined negative emotionality as a pathway linking habitual avoidance to compulsive behaviors.
METHODS: Five hundred adults completed the Avoidance Dynamics Task (ADT), a novel online-administered aversive devaluation paradigm assessing avoidance learning and habit strength, alongside validated self-report measures of compulsive behaviors (alcohol use, binge eating, binge watching, gambling, obsessive-compulsive symptoms) and internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety). Mediation analysis tested whether internalizing symptoms accounted for associations between habitual avoidance and compulsive behavior severity.
RESULTS: Habitual avoidance, indexed by perseverative responses to devalued threat versus control cues (t = 3.5, p = .002), showed small-to-moderate positive associations with avoidance urges (ρ = .28, p < .001), regulatory control deficits (ρ = .17, p < .001), and internalizing symptoms (b = .15, p = .004). Internalizing symptoms fully mediated associations with all compulsive behaviors (b's = .05-.16, all p ≤ .01). Impaired avoidance learning was modestly associated with greater alcohol use (b = -.12, p = .03) and gambling (b = -.15, p = .02) severity. Exploratory analyses showed distinct avoidance patterns mapped onto cognitive (preoccupation, urges) versus behavioral (control, frequency) components of alcohol-related compulsivity.
CONCLUSION: Habitual avoidance may represent a transdiagnostic behavioral marker of compulsivity. These findings underscore distinct vulnerability pathways across compulsive domains and support the use of remote tasks to phenotype maladaptive avoidance and related emotional dysregulation.
METHODS: Five hundred adults completed the Avoidance Dynamics Task (ADT), a novel online-administered aversive devaluation paradigm assessing avoidance learning and habit strength, alongside validated self-report measures of compulsive behaviors (alcohol use, binge eating, binge watching, gambling, obsessive-compulsive symptoms) and internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety). Mediation analysis tested whether internalizing symptoms accounted for associations between habitual avoidance and compulsive behavior severity.
RESULTS: Habitual avoidance, indexed by perseverative responses to devalued threat versus control cues (t = 3.5, p = .002), showed small-to-moderate positive associations with avoidance urges (ρ = .28, p < .001), regulatory control deficits (ρ = .17, p < .001), and internalizing symptoms (b = .15, p = .004). Internalizing symptoms fully mediated associations with all compulsive behaviors (b's = .05-.16, all p ≤ .01). Impaired avoidance learning was modestly associated with greater alcohol use (b = -.12, p = .03) and gambling (b = -.15, p = .02) severity. Exploratory analyses showed distinct avoidance patterns mapped onto cognitive (preoccupation, urges) versus behavioral (control, frequency) components of alcohol-related compulsivity.
CONCLUSION: Habitual avoidance may represent a transdiagnostic behavioral marker of compulsivity. These findings underscore distinct vulnerability pathways across compulsive domains and support the use of remote tasks to phenotype maladaptive avoidance and related emotional dysregulation.