Association between depressive symptoms trajectories and herpes zoster in middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal national cohort study.

BACKGROUND

Although depressive symptoms have been linked to an increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), research specifically exploring the relationship between the trajectories of depressive symptoms and HZ is limited. We aim to investigate this association using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

METHODS

We employed group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to categorize depressive symptom trajectories based on the 8-item CES-D scale in the HRS. The outcome, HZ incidence, was determined from Waves 10-15 of the HRS. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to examine the association between the trajectories of depressive symptoms and HZ risk. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses assessed result robustness and effect modification.

RESULTS

Depressive symptom trajectories were classified into three groups: persistently low (n = 5104), persistently moderate (n = 5357), and persistently high (n = 4405). Both persistently moderate and high depressive symptom trajectories were significantly associated with an increased risk of HZ, even after adjustment for covariates (moderate: HR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.51, P = 0.029; high: HR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.61, P = 0.011). Somatic symptoms were strongly associated with an increased HZ risk (HR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations among men, non-smokers, ever drinkers, and individuals with higher education.

CONCLUSION

Persistently high depressive symptoms trajectories, including somatic domain, significantly increase HZ risk. These findings highlight the need to consider mental health as a modifiable risk factor for HZ, particularly in vulnerable populations.