Retrospective analysis of factors influencing immunologic failure among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.

A retrospective analysis was performed on 98 people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) between July 2019 and July 2023. The incidence of poor CD4+ T cell recovery was 27.55% (27/98), while the immunologic reconstruction success rate was 72.45% (71/98). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed 5 independent high-risk factors for treatment failure: age ≥ 60 years (β = 1.473, OR = 4.364, 95% CI = 1.614-11.799, P = 0.004), injection drug use (β = 1.792, OR = 6.000, 95% CI = 1.030-34.936, P = 0.046), co-infection (β = 1.530, OR = 4.620, 95% CI = 1.321-16.157, P = 0.017), time from diagnosis-to-treatment initiation ≥ 12 months (β = 1.348, OR = 3.850, 95% CI = 1.236-11.992, P = 0.020), and baseline CD4+ T cells count < 200 /μL (β = 2.071, OR = 7.934, 95% CI = 2.915-21.594, P = 0.000).