Rat sex differences in anesthesia.

Studies involving substantially lengthy rat surgeries require extended anesthesia periods and often involve use of sodium pentobarbital (PENT). Results of previous experiments from our laboratory and elsewhere suggest that the duration of anesthesia and the need for anesthetic supplementation may differ between male and female rats. In the study reported here, we induced anesthesia in male and female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10 for each sex), using a three-step procedure: brief induction with 5% isoflurane inhalation, PENT (50 mg/kg of body weight, i.p.), combined with 50 mg of PENT/kg given intragastrically. Adequate anesthesia depth was confirmed by absence of a response to a toe pinch. Plasma PENT concentration was measured at sequential 20-min periods and was found, on average, to be lower (P = 0.03) in male (13.28 +/- 1.13 microg/ml) than in female (20.27 +/- 0.66 microg/ml) rats, and decreased more rapidly (P = 0.003) in male rats. Distribution to a fractionally greater lean body mass and more rapid metabolism in males may account for these differences and explain the need for anesthetic supplementation in male, but not female rats.