Treatment considerations: traditional antiepileptic drugs.

Selecting a specific antiepileptic drug for the treatment of seizures in those with mental retardation requires a balance of the drug's likely efficacy for both seizures and comorbid disorders versus adverse events. Phenobarbital is the most commonly used of the barbiturate drugs. Phenytoin is actually one of the best tolerated AEDs (side effects in most patients are signs of neurotoxicity). Carbamazepine is the drug of choice for many neurologists for the treatment of partial epilepsy, with a relative lack of sedation and low incidence of cosmetic, cognitive, and behavioral side effects. For more than 30 years, valproate has been available for treatment of generalized and partial seizures, convulsive or nonconvulsive. For this reason, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy in the multiply handicapped and mentally retarded. Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice for treatment of status epilepticus; however, good medical control requires early diagnosis and treatment.