Substance abuse treatment for "hazardous users": an early intervention.

A six-session cognitive behavioral protocol has been developed for substance abusers who meet the description "hazardous users." This category includes individuals evidencing mild to moderate use of alcohol or other drugs, whose lifestyles are minimally disrupted, or who are displaying signs of problem use or abuse, but are unwilling to enter intensive treatment. The treatment model is nonconfrontational and is designed to motivate the individual to recognize the problems associated with his or her substance use and initiate treatment-seeking behavior. The intervention may be particularly useful in situations where employees have tested positive for substances but deny having a problem, where friends or family members report help is needed but the individual denies any problem, or where an alcohol or other drug problem is clearly evidenced but the individual doesn't acknowledge a problem. A positive outcome is indicated by the client taking action which is consistent with an increased awareness of the problem as conceptualized by Prochaska and DiClemente (1982). This model is an alternative to the traditional confrontational models of "breaking through denial." The philosophies employed by William Miller and associates and by the Matrix treatment models form the basis of the intervention.