Placenta · 2026
Placental transport of inorganic ions for skeletal development during male seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) pregnancy.
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Poda Arda, Skalkos Zoe M G, Dowland Samson N, Van Dyke James U, Lindsay Laura A, Byrne Maria, Whittington Camilla M
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) and their syngnathid relatives are remarkable in having male pregnancy, with embryos gestated in a skin-derived brood pouch. The paternal placenta provides nutrients to developing embryos, but the extent of inorganic ion transport is unclear. We predicted that the demand for nutrients to support skeletogenesis would be significant, as seahorses possess both an endoskeleton and segmented bony plates.
METHODS: We determined the extent of inorganic ion transport by comparing the mineral content of newly fertilised eggs and neonates using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). To investigate the mechanisms by which calcium may be transported, we examined the placental localisation of the secretory pathway calcium ATPase (SPCA) protein using immunofluorescence.
RESULTS: Calcium (p < 0.001), phosphorous (p < 0.05), and magnesium (p < 0.001) concentrations increased during embryonic development. SPCA is localised in the epithelium of the brood pouch on the placental side and on the outer epithelium facing the external environment. In late pregnancy, the protein was also localised in an acellular layer within the brood pouch lumen.
DISCUSSION: Minerals required for skeletogenesis are transported from H. abdominalis fathers to embryos. This is the first identification of nutrients primarily provided by the father (calcium and magnesium). The calcium transporter SPCA has a multifaceted role, but is likely involved in placental mineral transport.
METHODS: We determined the extent of inorganic ion transport by comparing the mineral content of newly fertilised eggs and neonates using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). To investigate the mechanisms by which calcium may be transported, we examined the placental localisation of the secretory pathway calcium ATPase (SPCA) protein using immunofluorescence.
RESULTS: Calcium (p < 0.001), phosphorous (p < 0.05), and magnesium (p < 0.001) concentrations increased during embryonic development. SPCA is localised in the epithelium of the brood pouch on the placental side and on the outer epithelium facing the external environment. In late pregnancy, the protein was also localised in an acellular layer within the brood pouch lumen.
DISCUSSION: Minerals required for skeletogenesis are transported from H. abdominalis fathers to embryos. This is the first identification of nutrients primarily provided by the father (calcium and magnesium). The calcium transporter SPCA has a multifaceted role, but is likely involved in placental mineral transport.