World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026
Isoelectric point stabilization and protein mass compression are associated with antimicrobial resistance in the genus Acinetobacter.
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Dahal Ujwal, Gautam Archana, Arora Pinky, Aryal Mukti Ram, Kc Mahesh
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The genus Acinetobacter is widely regarded as a major reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, the evolutionary distribution of resistance across the genus remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate phylogenomic structure and associated proteomic features underlying AMR distribution.
METHODS: A total 67 genomes including 65 representative Acinetobacter species, one additional Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 reference genome and Alkanindiges hydrocarboniclasticus as the outgroup were analyzed using a 174-gene core genome phylogeny. Resistome profiling was performed using homology-based screening, and proteome-wide properties, including isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight, and protein count, were statistically compared between antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) positive and ARG negative groups based on Resfinder Screening.
RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear partitioning into ARG positive and ARG negative clades with 28 lineages lacking detectable AMR determinants. A Chi-square test confirmed a significant association between evolutionary clades and resistome distribution (X2 = 29.69, p = 0.0052). While global pI values remained conserved, ARG positive lineages showed significantly reduced pI variance (p = 0.0054). Additionally, ARG positive lineages exhibited expanded proteomes (p < 0.0001) coupled with reduced average molecular weight (p = 0.0056), indicating a shift toward a more compact proteome architecture.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that AMR evolution in Acinetobacter is associated with both genomic partitioning and distinct proteomic patterns. The presence of ARG-negative lineages and coordinated differences in proteome size, average molecular weight, and pI variance highlight the potential role of biophysical properties in shaping AMR-associated genomic variation, while the conserved global pI indicates that these differences do not reflect a shift in overall proteome pI. These findings provide a framework for further investigating biophysical features associated with emerging ARG-positive lineages.
METHODS: A total 67 genomes including 65 representative Acinetobacter species, one additional Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 reference genome and Alkanindiges hydrocarboniclasticus as the outgroup were analyzed using a 174-gene core genome phylogeny. Resistome profiling was performed using homology-based screening, and proteome-wide properties, including isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight, and protein count, were statistically compared between antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) positive and ARG negative groups based on Resfinder Screening.
RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear partitioning into ARG positive and ARG negative clades with 28 lineages lacking detectable AMR determinants. A Chi-square test confirmed a significant association between evolutionary clades and resistome distribution (X2 = 29.69, p = 0.0052). While global pI values remained conserved, ARG positive lineages showed significantly reduced pI variance (p = 0.0054). Additionally, ARG positive lineages exhibited expanded proteomes (p < 0.0001) coupled with reduced average molecular weight (p = 0.0056), indicating a shift toward a more compact proteome architecture.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that AMR evolution in Acinetobacter is associated with both genomic partitioning and distinct proteomic patterns. The presence of ARG-negative lineages and coordinated differences in proteome size, average molecular weight, and pI variance highlight the potential role of biophysical properties in shaping AMR-associated genomic variation, while the conserved global pI indicates that these differences do not reflect a shift in overall proteome pI. These findings provide a framework for further investigating biophysical features associated with emerging ARG-positive lineages.