SUMOylation: an emerging field of protein modification in horticultural plants.

Horticultural plants play a vital role in agricultural production and daily life. Post-translational modifications are essential for regulating various cellular processes, but the functions of SUMOylation, an increasingly significant post-translational modification, remain to be thoroughly explored in horticultural plants. In this review, we summarize the current research advancements regarding protein SUMOylation in horticultural plants and offer perspectives for future investigations. We begin by introducing the SUMOylation system in horticultural plants. Subsequently, we focus on the roles of SUMOylation in development and stress responses in horticultural plants, with association of plant hormones in these processes. Following this discussion, we outline potential techniques for detecting SUMOylation substrates in horticultural species. Finally, we present prospective directions for future research in this field. This work aims to enhance our understanding of functional implications of SUMOylation while providing novel insights into strategies for improving yield, quality, and resistance in horticultural crops.