Factors Influencing Nurses' Use of Local Anesthetics for Venous and Arterial Access.

The use of local anesthetics to relieve pain associated with intravenous cannulation and arterial blood gas sampling is given low priority in many health institutions. This review sought to identify factors influencing nurses' use of local anesthetics for these procedures. The Database Syntax Guide for Systematic Reviewers was used; health-relevant studies were critically assessed with appropriate Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Significant factors influencing the use of local anesthetics for parenteral procedures were identified, including the level of effectiveness among types of local anesthetics, the perceived benefits of facilitating needle insertions and patient satisfaction, the underestimation of pain associated with needle punctures, time concerns, physician authorization, and costs.