Computational Resources for Studying miRNA-lncRNA Interactions.

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, revolutionized our understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation in the early part of the twenty-first century. Since then, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a major focus of scientific research, revealing their critical roles in cellular processes. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have brought long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides-into the spotlight. While their functions are still being unraveled, lncRNAs have been identified as important regulators within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. They contain multiple miRNA response elements (MREs), allowing them to compete with other RNAs for miRNA binding. This competition, known as the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) or "sponge RNA" mechanism, has provided new insights into the complexity of gene regulation. This chapter explores the biomedical significance of ceRNAs, highlighting their role in modulating gene expression and their potential implications in disease. The chapter also summarizes available tools, resources, and practical examples for studying lncRNA-miRNA interactions to aid researchers in navigating this sophisticated regulatory network. It aims to support further advancements in this rapidly evolving field by bridging theoretical knowledge with practical applications.