Intensity and duration of amnesia from intravenous midazolam given for sedation.

A clinical study was performed investigating the ability of intravenous midazolam to cause amnesia for visual, auditory and painful stimuli presented during surgical removal of third molars. Various stimuli were presented prior to and after administration of a sufficient quantity of midazolam to produce profound sedation. Recall was then tested immediately after, one day, and one week following the surgery. The study found that midazolam produces at least 20 minutes of profound amnesia for all stimuli in 93 +/- 6% of individuals. However, little correlation was found between the dose of midazolam and the duration of amnesia. Anesthesia literally means the loss of sensation. In the clinical dental situation, the principle sensation lost, when using either regional or general anesthesia, is pain perception. Although prevention of pain sensation is the primary reason patients request local anesthesia prior to invasive dental care, for many patients, control of pain only partially prepares them to receive dental care. These patients request the adjunctive use of sedation or general anesthesia, not for further pain control, but rather requiring periodontal or oral/maxillofacial surgery in which such factors as the sight and taste of blood, the noise of bone-cutting equipment, or the pressure placed on the jaws is not eliminated by local anesthetics. Although effective anxiolytic oral, inhalational, or parenteral agents have been available for several decades, patients still usually retain their memory of events occurring during their dental care, particularly anxiety-provoking events. This memory of the uncomfortable portions of dental care stimulates additional anxiety so that patients may procrastinate when dental care is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)