Sedation and pain management during pacemaker implantation, electrophysiologic testing, and related procedures.

A technique for the management of pain and anxiety during pacemaker implantation, electrophysiologic studies, and related procedures is described. The technique involves the intravenous administration of small amounts of the narcotic agonist-antagonist nalbuphine and the benzodiazepine diazepam. The small amounts of medication used induce relaxation while allowing the patient to interact and cooperate during the procedure. The absence of side effects facilitates outpatient treatment. This method of pain management not only improves the quality of patient care but also encourages earlier hospital discharge.