Prevalence and predictors of self-reported multimorbidity and locomotor disability among the geriatric population in coastal South Karnataka, India.

BACKGROUND

The increasing proportion of geriatric individuals globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including India, presents significant public health challenges and is accompanied by a growing burden of chronic illnesses and functional disabilities. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and locomotor disability among geriatric individuals in coastal South Karnataka and to examine their associations with sociodemographic factors.

METHODS

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2015-2017 across 15 villages in Udupi District, Karnataka. A total of 1832 geriatric individuals (≥60 years) were assessed and screened using pre-tested and validated structured questionnaires, and standard scales . Statistical analyses were conducted using Jamovi software, version 2.4.11. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations.

RESULTS

The prevalence of multimorbidity was 37.2%, with hypertension and diabetes being the most common conditions. Locomotor disability affected 30.2% of the population and was observed more commonly in females and those of advanced age. Locomotor disability is significantly associated with multimorbidity and hearing and visual impairments. Additionally, factors such as older age, single or not living with a spouse, lower levels of educational attainment, and middle socioeconomic status were also significantly associated with increased odds of locomotor disability. However, multimorbidity was found to be independently associated with only higher BMI.

CONCLUSION

The study findings highlight a substantial burden of chronic diseases and functional limitations among the geriatric population in coastal Karnataka, necessitating comprehensive geriatric care strategies. Targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, along with improved access to rehabilitative services and social security, are urgently needed to enhance elderly well-being and independence in this region.