Thalassemia in Iraq: Time to Reform Policy.

Thalassemia is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies worldwide, particularly within the Middle Eastern demographics. Despite the existence of a nationwide screening program in Iraq and a decline in disease incidence, its optimal effectiveness remains uncertain, as β-thalassemia prevalence continues to rise. This paper seeks to evaluate the weaknesses of the thalassemia screening program in Iraq. It also suggests actionable strategies for policy change to further reduce disease incidence. Additionally, the discussed concepts can be applicable to other regions facing a similar burden. Factors like widespread consanguineous marriage, inadequate public knowledge, and restricted access to prenatal diagnostic services impose further burden on prevention efforts. To attain national elimination of β-thalassemia in Iraq, the Ministry of Health, in collaboration with medical organizations, must promptly address these barriers by revising policies and substantially investing in essential services.