From Catering to Clinical Care: An Expert Survey on Designing the Inpatient Psychiatric Meal Concept.

Background/

Objectives

People with severe mental illness experience high rates of malnutrition and cardiometabolic disease, and hospital food is increasingly regarded as part of clinical care rather than mere catering. Although nutrition is increasingly recognised as a therapeutic component of psychiatric care, little is known about how the professionals closest to nutritional care would design an inpatient meal concept.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey of 26 nutrition professionals working in psychiatric settings in the German-speaking D-A-CH region (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland), who rated the goals, patient needs, dietary forms, meal characteristics, organisational aspects, and barriers relevant to an inpatient meal concept on five-point Likert scales. Free-text responses were analysed thematically.

Results

Respondents prioritised eating enjoyment (mean [M] = 4.65) and psychological stability over economic goals, and rated both appetite loss and hyperphagia, together with medication-related metabolic change, as key patient needs. A Mediterranean dietary pattern was clearly the preferred model (M = 4.62), whereas low-carbohydrate options were the least endorsed form (M = 2.65). Interprofessional communication between nursing, kitchen, and dietetics was the highest-rated item overall (M = 4.75), while budget restrictions were seen as the principal barrier.

Conclusions

In this small, self-selected expert sample, experts largely converged on a patient-centred, Mediterranean, flexible and choice-based meal concept delivered through strong interprofessional processes, supporting a shift from catering toward nutrition as a therapeutic component of inpatient psychiatry.