Psychosocial factors and the risk of cancer: An individual-participant data meta-analysis.
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van Tuijl Lonneke A, Pan Kuan-Yu, Basten Maartje, Vermeulen Roel, Portengen Lützen, de Graeff Alexander, Dekker Joost, Geerlings Mirjam I, Hoogendoorn Adriaan W, Lamers Femke, Voogd Adri C, Abell Jessica, Awadalla Philip, Beekman Aartjan T F, Bjerkeset Ottar, Boyd Andy, Cui Yunsong, Frank Philipp, Galenkamp Henrike, Garssen Bert, Hellingman Sean, Huisman Martijn, Huss Anke, de Jong Trynke R, Keats Melanie R, Kok Almar A L, Krokstad Steinar, van Leeuwen Flora E, Luik Annemarie I, Noisel Nolwenn, Payette Yves, Penninx Brenda W J H, Rissanen Ina, Roest Annelieke M, Ruiter Rikje, Schoevers Robert A, Soave David, Spaan Mandy, Steptoe Andrew, Stronks Karien, Sund Erik R, Sweeney Ellen, Twait Emma L, Teyhan Alison, Verschuren W M Monique, van der Willik Kimberly D, Rosmalen Judith G M, Ranchor Adelita V
Аннотация
METHODS: The Psychosocial Factors and Cancer Incidence consortium used data from 22 cohorts with a measure of at least one psychosocial variable of interest at baseline (up to N = 421,799; cancer incidence, N = 35,319; person-years of follow-up, N = 4,378,582). In stage 1 of the IPD meta-analysis, Cox regression models were used with age as the timescale. In stage 2, results were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS: No psychosocial factors were associated with an increased risk of overall cancer and with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers, as well as with cancers with alcohol as a common potential causal factor. PSS, currently not in a relationship, and a loss event were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09-1.55). Estimates decreased for PSS and relationship status when adjusting for several known risk factors, such as a family history of cancer (HR, 1.05-1.08). Similar findings were observed for relationship status and cancers with tobacco smoking as a common potential causal factor.
CONCLUSIONS: For most types of cancer, psychosocial factors (measured at a single point in time) were not associated with increased risk. PSS, currently not in a relationship, and loss were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, although most effects attenuated when adjusting for several known risk factors.