The effect of cocoa alkalization on the non-volatile and volatile mood-enhancing compounds.

Alkalization is a process to improve color, dispersibility and flavor of cocoa powder but is likely to have a negative effect on the phytochemicals. Hereto, the impact of alkalization degree (none, medium and high) on the potential mood-enhancing compounds corresponding to the four levels of the mood pyramid model (flavanols, methylxanthines, biogenic amines and orosensory properties) was investigated. The phytochemical content, analyzed via UPLC-HRMS, showed reduction of specific potential mood-enhancing compounds upon alkalization, implying a decrease in bitterness and astringency. Moreover, volatile compounds analysis via HS-SPME-GC-MS indicated that alkalization reduced the levels of volatile compounds, responsible for acidity, fruity, floral and cocoa aromas. With respect to the orosensory properties, the cocoa powder palatability was suggested to be increased due to reduced acidity, bitterness, and astringency, while the desired volatile compounds were reduced. However, sensorial analysis is required to link the volatile results with the overall effect on the flavor perception.