Advances in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory condition primarily affecting infants born less than 28 weeks gestational age. BPD and the diagnostic criteria that define it have evolved since the initial description of the disease more than four decades ago. BPD is one of the most common and serious complications of extreme premature birth. Despite advances in neonatal care and continued research into therapeutic strategies the incidence of BPD remains unchanged. Pharmacologic approaches to the management of BPD include methylxanthines, corticosteroids, and vitamin A supplementation. Supportive therapies including the increased use of non-invasive ventilation and careful oxygen delivery strive to reduce injury inflicted on the developing lung. Stem cell-based therapies are a new investigational strategy showing promise for the prevention or treatment of BPD. The goal of this review is to highlight the evolution of BPD and review current and potential future therapeutic strategies for BPD.