Mechanisms of magnetic field enhanced oxygen evolution reaction on electrocatalysts of different dimensionalities.

The sluggish kinetics and high overpotential of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) constitute a bottleneck limiting the overall energy efficiency of hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Recently, strategies employing magnetic fields to surpass the performance limits of electrocatalysts have attracted widespread attention. However, a systematic and comprehensive understanding of how magnetic fields enhance the OER mechanism on electrocatalysts of different dimensionalities remains lacking. This review systematically summarises the latest advances in the magnetic field enhanced OER for water electrolysis over zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) catalysts and thoroughly elucidates the correlations between the magnetic field enhanced OER mechanism and the dimensions of electrocatalysts. Furthermore, this review discusses the development prospects of synergistically designing high-efficiency OER electrocatalysts via dimensional engineering and magnetic field coupling, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for constructing magnetic field-assisted cross-dimensional composite electrocatalyst systems.