Treatable Traits-Based Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by diverse endotypic traits and clinical phenotypes. A recent randomized controlled trial evaluating a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist showed promising results, potentially making it the first on-label drug treatment for OSA. Phase II/III clinical trials investigating combinations of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic agents, as well as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, are ongoing. Future drug treatments for OSA, either as monotherapy or combined with other treatment modalities, will be personalized and based on treatable traits to address underlying mechanisms, comorbid conditions, and patient-reported outcome measures.