Gastric Cancer Literacy and Related Factors in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide, particularly in countries like Iran. Gastric cancer health literacy (GCHL) plays a key role in early detection, prevention, and timely treatment. This study aims to investigate the level of GCHL and its associated factors among adults in Torbat Heydarieh, northeastern Iran.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study conducted from January 5, 2022, to September 26, 2023, 304 clients from Comprehensive Health Service Centers (CHSCs) in Torbat Heydarieh were surveyed. Data were collected using a validated tool that measured sociodemographic characteristics and Gastric cancer health literacy questionnaire (GCHLQ), knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, prevention methods, and screening, and attitude questionnaire included beliefs about GC prevention, curability at early stages, the benefits of early detection, previous screening history, and reasons for not undergoing screening. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression to determine predictors of GCHL. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Participants demonstrated a moderate (31-39) level of GCHL. Higher GCHL scores were significantly associated with being female, having a higher educational level, and a family history of GC. The multivariate regression model explained 51.4% of the variance in GCHL. In this model, family history of GC, knowledge score, and female gender were significantly associated with higher GCHL scores.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings emphasize the importance of targeted educational and awareness programs to improve GCHL, particularly among older adults and rural populations. Future longitudinal and qualitative studies are recommended to better understand barriers to cancer literacy and improve health outcomes through informed interventions.