Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V with a series of benzene sulfonamide derivatives.

Among the 14 human isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) presently known, the cytosolic hCA II is the most active and plays a host of physiological functions, whereas the mitochondrial hCA V is unique due to its role in several biosynthetic reactions. An inhibition study of these isozymes with a series of sulfonamides is reported here, with the scope to detect lead molecules for the design of isozyme-specific CA inhibitors (CAIs) targeting the mitochondrial isoform. Indeed, recently it has been shown that CA V is a novel target for the drug design of anti-obesity agents among others. Compounds included in this study were mainly ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted-benzenesulfonamides, together with several halogeno-substituted sulfanilamides and disubstituted-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide derivatives. Isozyme V showed an inhibition profile with these sulfonamides different of that of hCA II. Thus, IC(50) values in the range of 80 nM to 74 microM against hCA II, and 0.78-63.7 microM against hCA V with these derivatives have been obtained. Only one compound, 2-carboxymethyl-benzenesulfonamide, was more active against hCA V over hCA II (selectivity ratio of 1.39), whereas all other derivatives investigated here were much better hCA II inhibitors (selectivity ratios CA II/CA V in the range of 0.0008-0.73) than hCA V inhibitors.