Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2014
Prevalence of gallstone disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and the risk factors in North Indian population: a case control study.
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Sodhi Jaswinder Singh, Zargar Showkat Ali, Khateeb Shafkatullah, Showkat Abid, Javid Gul, Laway Bashir Ahmad, Parveen Shaheena, Khan Bashir Ahmad, Yattoo Ghulam Nabi, Shah Altaf, Gulzar Ghulam Mohd, Khan Mushtaq Ahmed
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Age, female sex, and obesity are considered to be risk factors for gallstone disease. The role of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in gallstone formation is still uncertain, and data in Indians is limited.
OBJECTIVES: This is a case-control study to determine the prevalence of gallstones (GS) in patients with T2D, risk factors, and the relative risk compared with subjects without diabetes, selected from the general population.
METHODS: Among 450 cases with T2D of a ≥2-year duration, 377 (88.8 %) participated. Diagnosis of GS was made at ultrasonography and history of cholecystectomy for GS. Controls were selected from the general population and diabetes excluded by oral glucose tolerance test. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI).
RESULTS: Gallstones were seen in 67 (17.7 %) cases compared to 40 (5.8 %) in controls (p = 0.001). Prevalence increased with increasing age with peak in the sixth decade (23.4 % in cases and 4.4 % in controls (p = 0.001) and was higher in women (27.9 %) in cases and (7.8 %) in controls, (p = 0.001). In univariate analysis, risk factors for GS included age, female sex, BMI, multiparity, family history of GS, and high triglycerides and cholesterol with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In multivariate analysis, age, (relative risk [RR] 1.54, confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1), female sex (RR 1.6, CI 1.0-1.9), and BMI (RR 1.5, CI 1.3-2.5) were the independent risk factors in gallstone formation.
CONCLUSION: Patients with T2D had higher probability of having GS compared to the general population. Increasing age, female sex, and higher BMI were independently associated with gallstone disease.
OBJECTIVES: This is a case-control study to determine the prevalence of gallstones (GS) in patients with T2D, risk factors, and the relative risk compared with subjects without diabetes, selected from the general population.
METHODS: Among 450 cases with T2D of a ≥2-year duration, 377 (88.8 %) participated. Diagnosis of GS was made at ultrasonography and history of cholecystectomy for GS. Controls were selected from the general population and diabetes excluded by oral glucose tolerance test. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI).
RESULTS: Gallstones were seen in 67 (17.7 %) cases compared to 40 (5.8 %) in controls (p = 0.001). Prevalence increased with increasing age with peak in the sixth decade (23.4 % in cases and 4.4 % in controls (p = 0.001) and was higher in women (27.9 %) in cases and (7.8 %) in controls, (p = 0.001). In univariate analysis, risk factors for GS included age, female sex, BMI, multiparity, family history of GS, and high triglycerides and cholesterol with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In multivariate analysis, age, (relative risk [RR] 1.54, confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1), female sex (RR 1.6, CI 1.0-1.9), and BMI (RR 1.5, CI 1.3-2.5) were the independent risk factors in gallstone formation.
CONCLUSION: Patients with T2D had higher probability of having GS compared to the general population. Increasing age, female sex, and higher BMI were independently associated with gallstone disease.