Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice.

Jaundice is caused by many disease processes ranging from benign to life threatening. History and physical examination remain important tools in evaluating the etiology of jaundice. The conjugation state of bilirubin, along with other laboratory tests judiciously ordered, can guide the provider toward category of illness. Hyperbilirubinemia may be categorized as to its etiology: unconjugated/prehepatic, intrahepatic, or extrahepatic/obstructive. Referral should be considered when likelihood of malignancy, chronic autoimmune condition, or need for intervention exists.