Atopic dermatitis and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND

Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes discomfort, emotional distress, and reduced quality of life. Although widespread globally, evidence on its prevalence and risk factors in Ethiopia is limited and fragmented, hindering effective prevention and management strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of atopic dermatitis in Ethiopia through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis in Ethiopia. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and Ethiopian repositories were searched up to August 1, 2025. Observational studies reporting prevalence or associated factors were included. Data were extracted and quality assessed by two reviewers. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios were calculated using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity, subgroup, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessment performed.

RESULTS

A total of 16 studies including 22,994 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Ethiopia was 26% (95% CI: 1670-35.29% I² = 99.7%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed the highest prevalence in the central Ethiopia (76.92%, 95% CI: 72.81-81.04%), followed by south Ethiopia region (67.90%( 95% CI: 63.63-72.16), and the lowest in Tigray region (9.54%, 95% CI: 6.86-12.23%). Significant determinants of atopic dermatitis among Ethiopian populations included helminth infection (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.46-4.14), family history of allergy (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 2.32-5.17), personal history of allergy (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.59-5.46), and exposure to environmental allergens (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.38-5.11).

CONCLUSION

Atopic dermatitis is highly prevalent in Ethiopia with notable regional variations. Helminth infection, allergic history, and environmental exposures are major risk factors, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, enhanced diagnostics, and comprehensive public health strategies.