Conversion of the nitrogen content in liquid manure into biomass and polyglutamic acid by a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis.

Extensive spreading of liquid manure onto agricultural fields causes eutrophication of ground and surface water and also pollution of the atmosphere due to the high ammonium nitrogen content. A poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (PGA)-producing strain of Bacillus licheniformis was isolated in this study and investigated for its ability to reduce the ammonium nitrogen by converting ammonium into biomass and PGA as depot forms of nitrogen. In batch cultivations swine manure and an optimized mineral salts medium were used for PGA production. For example the cultivation of B. licheniformis strain S2 in liquid manure, which was modified by adding of 18 g citrate and 80 g glycerol l(-1) and exhibited a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 15.5:1, led to severe reduction of the ammonium content from 2.83 to 0.1 g x l(-1) and to the production of 0.16 g PGA and 7.5 g cell dry mass l(-1) within 410 h. Approximately 28% (w/w) of the total nitrogen was converted into cellular biomass, whereas 0.1% (w/w) was used for the production of PGA. In addition, approximately 33% (w/v) of the original ammonium was lost by stripping.