Use of noninsulin antidiabetic medications in hospitalized patients.

Noninsulin antidiabetic medications coupled with diet and exercise are effective in managing most patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is essential to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the home antidiabetic medication regimen when the patient is hospitalized. Prescribers need to be aware of the mechanism of action of each class, contraindications, precautions, and adverse effects to formulate a safe and effective management plan. This article details the different classes of noninsulin antidiabetic medications, the mechanism of action, metabolism, elimination, dose form, usual and maximum doses, contraindications, precautions, common adverse reactions, and implications for use in the hospitalized patient.