Amylin and gastrointestinal activity.

1. Amylin is a new pancreatic islet peptide with a role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. 2. Amylin is predominantly present in the beta cells of the pancreas and to a lesser extent in the gastrointestinal tract and in the nervous system, where amylin mRNA is also present along with specific binding sites. 3. Amylin given peripherally or centrally inhibits acid gastric secretion in a dose-dependent manner and has a protective effect against indomethacin- or ethanol-induced ulcers only when injected centrally. 4. Subcutaneous or central injection of amylin produces a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying, which may contribute to the activity of amylin in the regulation of carbohydrate absorption. In addition amylin inhibits food intake both when injected peripherally or centrally. 5. Amylin may thus be considered a novel brain-gut peptide taking part in the rapid endocrine response during digestion to maintain euglycemia.