Urinary exenteration on a renal transplant recipient with multifocal urothelial cancers and prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The two cancers after renal transplantation (RTx) are transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and hepatoma reported in Taiwan most frequently, versus lymphproliferative diseases and skin cancers in the Western literature. Herein, we present a 49-year-old man with spinal cord injury and end-stage renal disease who developed multifocal TCC in the urologic tract and incidental detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma 15 months after a cadaveric RTx. En bloc complete native urinary tract excision and ileal conduit urinary diversion were performed smoothly. After 2-year follow up, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence, and graft function remained stable, with minimal hydronephrosis. Transplant physicians should carefully monitor any signs of urinary cancers, especially in renal transplant recipients with history of analgesics. Also, aggressive surgical treatment is recommended for these patients to prolong survival.