Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Evaluation of clinical, radiological and pathological data from 10 adult patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis has been carried out. There are no pathognomonic diagnostic features, but the majority of patients present with a previous history of recurrent urinary tract disorders. Obstruction and infection are essential pathogenetic factors, but it is suggested that immunologic factors are also play a part. The treatment is nephrectomy, as correct diagnosis cannot be established preoperatively, and as the condition is often misinterpreted as renal carcinoma. A definite diagnosis can only be obtained from pathologic examination with demonstration of the characteristic inflammatory xanthogranulomatous reaction.