Two cases of air leak syndrome after bone marrow transplantation successfully treated by the pleural covering technique.

Air leak syndrome (ALS) is a rare complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and usually has a fatal outcome because of the high recurrence rate and treatment-refractory nature. A 32-year-old man with a history of BMT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia suffered from metachronous bilateral ALS. Bullectomy and the pleural covering procedure (PLC) were successfully performed for each side of the thorax. After surgery, no relapse of pneumothorax was seen for 2 years on the right side and for 1 year on the left side. A 38-year-old man with a history of BMT for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) suffered from ALS at the thorax on the left side. Bullectomy and the PLC were successfully performed. After that no recurrence of left pneumothorax for 7 years. We experienced two cases of ALS after BMT successfully treated by the PLC. This technique may be a viable treatment option for future lung transplantation.