Hepatitis C in alcohol dependence:drinking versus disulfiram.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects alcohol dependent (AD) individuals disproportionately. Disulfiram for timely abstinence in HCV + AD cases remains controversial. Our literature review suggests that (1) active drinking accelerates HCV-related liver damage and that abstinence is associated both (2) with a slower course of HCV+ hepatic deterioration and (3) with enhanced response to antiviral HCV treatment. Further, (4) the risk of disulfiram liver injury appears much lower than that from alcohol, (5) HCV+AD individuals require close monitoring during the first 6 months of disulfiram treatment, and (6) early discontinuation of disulfiram usually reverses harmful effects when these occur. Although systematic data are sparse, continued drinking appears much more liver toxic than does disulfiram in this group. Disulfiram therapy may allow (1) prolonged abstinence leading to successful antiviral therapy for HCV, and (2) time to begin behavioral treatments that facilitate long-term abstinence. Sizeable prospective studies of HCV + AD treatment are badly needed.